Top Linux Distributions: 5 Options for Beginners

If you have recently started researching Linux, you may have noticed that there is a lot of talk about Linux distributions, also called "distros". 

The truth is, the more the search for the Linux operating system grows, the more distributions appear. 

Being an open source operating system, many developers use its source code to formulate increasingly sophisticated and useful distros for open source users. 

Despite this, there are many common questions involving the topic: from how to choose a Linux distribution, to what are the best options for beginners in the operating system. 

To help you solve them, the Certificação Linux team developed this complete article, with everything you need to know about Linux distributions and which to choose during your journey. Just keep reading. Follow along! 

What are Linux Distributions?

Linux distributions, or simply "distros", are variations of the operating system based on the use of its source code, which is open and, therefore, allows different solutions to be formulated. 

Each of the numerous existing distributions aim to meet the needs of specific audiences, such as:

• programmers and developers;
• home users, who do not have as many demands regarding speed and specific applications or software;
•  and those who demand a high level of information security and privacy in their operations, such as banking and financial systems.

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It is also worth noting that, unlike what many think, Linux distributions are not all installed the same way, nor do they always present the same graphical interfaces always. 

Even file systems and file reading processes are different, as well as the possible compatibility level. This means that, when deciding which distro to use, the user needs to pay attention to points such as:

• what is your compatibility regarding applications and resources available in the market;
• what are your basic needs and which items cannot be missing to satisfy your daily tasks;
• and what is the technical availability of the device or computer on which you intend to install it. 

How to choose a Linux distribution?

In addition to the above questions, it is interesting to consider other points before choosing a Linux distribution. 

The first criterion is to evaluate the relationship between system stability and updates. This is the same as paying attention to feedback from regular users and identifying if the distro tends to have problems periodically, or if it is a stable system. 

Not only that, you need to check if the distro usually offers periodic updates, in order to fix bugs and possible instabilities.

With this in mind, just evaluate your hardware compatibility with the chosen Linux distribution's prerequisites, so everything works properly. 

4 excellent Linux distros to know

There is an endless list of Linux distribution options, but just like in any other area, there are those that stand out and offer the best value for money. They are: Kali, Debian, Fedora and Arch. 

Kali Linux

Offered by Offensive Security, responsible for performing security and system infiltration tests and training, the Kali Linux distro is the most suitable if your company needs to verify the security level of other systems. 

The "hacker" applications allow intrusion tests to be performed in order to prevent future loss of information and unauthorized access, by virtual criminals. 

Debian

Ideal for users more familiar with the Linux system, the Debian distro is super complete and can perform the most diverse roles — from home use, to the function of workstations and database servers. 

The biggest differentiator of this distro is the possibility of increasingly robust interesting updates, which allow previously inaccessible functionalities. 

Fedora Linux

The Red Hat distribution is one of those responsible for the success of the Fedora distro, which is updated continuously, every 6 months. 

A major differentiator of the Fedora distribution is the diversity of applications. There are systems for 3 different spheres: 

• home use, through Fedora Workstation;
• use in servers, with Fedora Server;
• and cloud services, with Fedora Cloud. 
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Arch Linux

Finally, another renowned distribution is Arch Linux, which allows total customization by the user, who can choose from applications to available environments. Only then is it possible to install these details as part of the system. 

For those who are just starting out in the Linux distribution universe, Arch Linux may not be the best option — there are much simpler alternatives, as you can see below. 

Best Linux distributions for beginners

In fact, for beginners there are distributions that meet all needs and still allow learning, without requiring extensive prior knowledge on the subject.

Deepin

Even 11-year-old children can get used to and use the Deepin distro without major difficulties. After all, it presents several advantages, such as:

• Simple desktop interface;
• Layout similar to Android
• Very complete and easy-to-use App Store;
• Easy-to-use control panel;
• Installation is also simple.

Ubuntu

Although it does not fully satisfy the needs of more experienced and advanced users, for beginners Ubuntu is the best option. Its features and advantages are:

• does not require prior knowledge;
• adopts GNOME as its interface;
• is simple;
• requires hardware with memory and runs better on SSD drives;
• has its Software Store, with many apps that can be installed without difficulty.

Elementary OS

This system is for those who use MAC or like the Apple system. Did you know that Mac OS is a Unix like? As advantages of this distro, we can mention:

• similarity to MAC and little resemblance to Linux;
• simple applications menu;
• has a very complete App Store;
• is quite lightweight, runs on machines with more modest hardware;
• is based on Ubuntu, but with only the essentials.

Mint

Mint is a very lightweight distribution that runs on older hardware without problems — it even works on a Pentium II computer, which are super old. For those who only use Google Calendar, for example, it's a great option.

Its interface called Cinnamon is perfectly familiar to almost everyone who uses it. The main advantages are:

• has a taskbar, Start button, system tray and desktop icons, similar to Windows;
• interface that requires a zero learning curve for those coming from Windows 7;
• is based on Ubuntu;

openSUSE

openSUSE is a fantastic distribution based on Red Hat. One of the biggest advantages of using it is the possibility to run almost all these DEs on the same operating system.

You can choose any desired IDE on the login screen. They live up to the Chameleon symbol. Long before apt-get and yum existed, openSUSE already had its package manager, YaST. The advantages are:

• works with any interface the user desires;
• has its App Store, with many software options;
• faithful to the Linux standard;
• based on Red Hat and uses RPM packages;

All this information is just the "tip of the iceberg" of the Linux universe and its distributions. To learn more, it's worth enrolling in our course!

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Conclusion

Did you see how Linux distributions meet the most different demands of users? All of them can be easily found — just choose the one that makes the most sense for your daily routine.

Getting deeper and more detailed information about Linux is not always easy. That's why we developed an online courses platform, with various learning levels and specific topics, that you can browse and enroll in, if you wish!